Journal of Acute Disease
Issue 2,2013 Table of Contents
2013(2):85-91.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60105-5
Abstract:
D iscoveries in the past two decades have continued to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction disease and animal models have played a significant role to define the basic mechanisms of erectile dysfunction treatment. B oth in vitro and in vivo models have been developed in the past years to study the aphrodisiac agents. M ethods that are used in aphrodisiac study can be categorized into physical methods including male sexual behavior ( mount frequency, mount latency, intromission frequency, intromission latency, ejaculation frequency, post-ejaculatory interval, couplatory rate, index of libido, computed male sexual behavior parameter ) , pendiculation study, orientation behavior, determination of hesitation time & attraction towards female, test of potency, test for libido, penile microcirculation study, I ntracavernous pressure study and biochemical methods, histopathology, sperm count, F ructose content in seminal vesicles, sperm preservation, organ weight, hormonal determination, assay of nitric oxide synthase, In vitro nitric oxide release & androgen receptor protein. T his review aims to highlight some of the new and currently used experimental models that are used for the evaluation of aphrodisiac agents.
D iscoveries in the past two decades have continued to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction disease and animal models have played a significant role to define the basic mechanisms of erectile dysfunction treatment. B oth in vitro and in vivo models have been developed in the past years to study the aphrodisiac agents. M ethods that are used in aphrodisiac study can be categorized into physical methods including male sexual behavior ( mount frequency, mount latency, intromission frequency, intromission latency, ejaculation frequency, post-ejaculatory interval, couplatory rate, index of libido, computed male sexual behavior parameter ) , pendiculation study, orientation behavior, determination of hesitation time & attraction towards female, test of potency, test for libido, penile microcirculation study, I ntracavernous pressure study and biochemical methods, histopathology, sperm count, F ructose content in seminal vesicles, sperm preservation, organ weight, hormonal determination, assay of nitric oxide synthase, In vitro nitric oxide release & androgen receptor protein. T his review aims to highlight some of the new and currently used experimental models that are used for the evaluation of aphrodisiac agents.
2013(2):92-98.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60106-7
Abstract:
A lkaloids are well known phytoconstituents for their diverse pharmacological properties. A lkaloids are found in all plant parts like roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. S olasodine occurs as an aglycone part of glycoalkloids, which is a nitrogen analogue to sapogenins. S olanaceae family comprises of a number of plants with variety of natural products of medicinal significance mainly steroidal lactones, glycosides, alkaloids and flavanoids. I t is a steroidal alkaloid based on a C 27 cholestane skeleton. L iterature survey reveals that solasodine has diuretic, anticancer, antifungal, cardiotonic, antispermatogenetic, antiandrogenic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic and various effects on central nervous system. I solation and quantitative determination was achieved by several analytical techniques. P resent review highlights the pharmacological activity of solasodine, with its analytical and tissue culture techniques, which may be helpful to the researchers to develop new molecules for the treatment of various disorders in the future.
A lkaloids are well known phytoconstituents for their diverse pharmacological properties. A lkaloids are found in all plant parts like roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. S olasodine occurs as an aglycone part of glycoalkloids, which is a nitrogen analogue to sapogenins. S olanaceae family comprises of a number of plants with variety of natural products of medicinal significance mainly steroidal lactones, glycosides, alkaloids and flavanoids. I t is a steroidal alkaloid based on a C 27 cholestane skeleton. L iterature survey reveals that solasodine has diuretic, anticancer, antifungal, cardiotonic, antispermatogenetic, antiandrogenic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic and various effects on central nervous system. I solation and quantitative determination was achieved by several analytical techniques. P resent review highlights the pharmacological activity of solasodine, with its analytical and tissue culture techniques, which may be helpful to the researchers to develop new molecules for the treatment of various disorders in the future.
MUNUSWAMY HEMALATHA
,
Thirunavukkarasu Thirumalai
,
Rajamani Saranya
,
Erusan Kuppan Elumalai
,
Ernest David
2013(2):99-105.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60107-9
Abstract:
I nfectious diseases are one of the major problems in developing as well as developed countries. T raditional medicinal plants are widely used to treat the microbial diseases due to their rich source of antimicrobial activity and less cost. T he different plant parts such as seed, fruit, root, bark, stem, leaf and even the whole plant were extracted using different solvents like ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether, alcohol, and ethyl acetate. T hese extracts were tested by diffusion method against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi to assess their antimicrobial activity. T his review provides a lucid data of nearly 70 traditional medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity and this would open up the scope for further analysis of medicinal plant extracts to develop effective antimicrobial drugs.
I nfectious diseases are one of the major problems in developing as well as developed countries. T raditional medicinal plants are widely used to treat the microbial diseases due to their rich source of antimicrobial activity and less cost. T he different plant parts such as seed, fruit, root, bark, stem, leaf and even the whole plant were extracted using different solvents like ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether, alcohol, and ethyl acetate. T hese extracts were tested by diffusion method against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi to assess their antimicrobial activity. T his review provides a lucid data of nearly 70 traditional medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity and this would open up the scope for further analysis of medicinal plant extracts to develop effective antimicrobial drugs.
2013(2):106-108.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60108-0
Abstract:
Objective: T o investigate application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) measures within the golden minutes in E urope. Methods: T he collected data belong to the patients with cardiac arrest that have been recorded in patients’ protocol logbook at the E mergency C linic. D uring the 2010 - 2011 in the E mergency C enter of the CUCK in P rishtina have been treated a total of 269 patients with cardiac arrest, of whom 159 or 59 . 1 % have been treated in 2010 , and 110 patients or 40 . 9 % in 2011 . C ardiac arrest cases were present during all days of the week, but most frequently cases have been reported on M onday with 32 . 0 % of cases, and on F riday with 24 . 5 % of cases. A ll patients with cardiac arrest have been treated with physiological solution. Results: I n 245 or 91 . 1 % patients adrenaline has been applied; in 64 or 23 . 8 % amiodarone has been applied; in 12 or 4 . 5 % cases atropine has been applied, 11 or 4 . 1 % of cases were treated with N a HCO 3 ; 7 or 2 . 6 % of cases were treated with lidocaine; and 6 or 2 . 2 % of cases were treated with dopamine. A ll survivors from cardiac arrest have received appropriate medical assistance within 10 minutes from attack, which implies that if cardiac arrest occurs near an health care institution ( with an opportunity to provide the emergent health care ) the rate of survival is higher. Conclusions: A nti- arrhythmic drugs as with vasopressors, the evidence that anti-arrhythmic drugs are of benefit in cardiac is limited. N o anti-arrhythmic drug given during human cardiac arrest has been shown to increase survival to hospital discharge, although amiodarone has been shown to increase survival to hospital admission after shock-refractory VF / VT . T here are no data on the use of amiodarone for shock-refractory VF / VT when single shocks are used. D espite the lack of human long-term outcome data, the balance of evidence is in favour of the use of some anti-arrhythmic drugs for the management of arrhythmias in cardiac arrest.
Objective: T o investigate application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) measures within the golden minutes in E urope. Methods: T he collected data belong to the patients with cardiac arrest that have been recorded in patients’ protocol logbook at the E mergency C linic. D uring the 2010 - 2011 in the E mergency C enter of the CUCK in P rishtina have been treated a total of 269 patients with cardiac arrest, of whom 159 or 59 . 1 % have been treated in 2010 , and 110 patients or 40 . 9 % in 2011 . C ardiac arrest cases were present during all days of the week, but most frequently cases have been reported on M onday with 32 . 0 % of cases, and on F riday with 24 . 5 % of cases. A ll patients with cardiac arrest have been treated with physiological solution. Results: I n 245 or 91 . 1 % patients adrenaline has been applied; in 64 or 23 . 8 % amiodarone has been applied; in 12 or 4 . 5 % cases atropine has been applied, 11 or 4 . 1 % of cases were treated with N a HCO 3 ; 7 or 2 . 6 % of cases were treated with lidocaine; and 6 or 2 . 2 % of cases were treated with dopamine. A ll survivors from cardiac arrest have received appropriate medical assistance within 10 minutes from attack, which implies that if cardiac arrest occurs near an health care institution ( with an opportunity to provide the emergent health care ) the rate of survival is higher. Conclusions: A nti- arrhythmic drugs as with vasopressors, the evidence that anti-arrhythmic drugs are of benefit in cardiac is limited. N o anti-arrhythmic drug given during human cardiac arrest has been shown to increase survival to hospital discharge, although amiodarone has been shown to increase survival to hospital admission after shock-refractory VF / VT . T here are no data on the use of amiodarone for shock-refractory VF / VT when single shocks are used. D espite the lack of human long-term outcome data, the balance of evidence is in favour of the use of some anti-arrhythmic drugs for the management of arrhythmias in cardiac arrest.
2013(2):109-114.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60109-2
Abstract:
Objective: T o evaluate postoperative outcome of cases undergoing A rtisan aphakic iris fixated intraocular lens implantation ( IOL ) in complicated vitreoretinal referrals, at O utpatient D epartment of O phthalmology, R udolf F oundation C linic, V ienna, A ustria. Methods: I t was a retrospective interventional case series involving 24 patients who have undergone pars plana vitrectomy ( PPV ) with the A rtisan iris fixated lens implantation procedure. H erein, procedures, preoperative corrected distance visual acuity ( CDVA ) , causes of referral, post-operative CDVA and clinical complications were recorded. Results: T he mean age of 24 patients ( 17 males and 7 females ) was ( 69 . 88 依 14 . 50 ) , with the range 32 - 83 years. T he mean preoperative visual acuity was ( 1 . 40 依 0 . 83 ) with the range 0 . 46 - 3 . 00 log MAR units. A fter a mean follow up period for ( 3 . 12 依 2 . 54 ) with the range 1 - 12 months, the mean CDVA at the last follow-up was ( 0 . 95 依 0 . 84 ) log MAR units with the range 0 . 097 - 3 . 000 log MAR units. C omplicated cataract surgery was the most common cause for referral with the value, 54 . 21 % among cases, n= 13 . S econdary glaucoma was the commonest postoperative complication 25 . 00 % with n= 6 . T he other complications included were transient hypotony ( n= 3 ; 12 . 51 %) , hyphaema ( n= 2 ; 8 . 34 %) , corneal oedema ( n= 1 ; 4 . 17 %) , corneal erosion ( n= 1 ; 4 . 17 %) , vitreous haemorrhage ( n= 2 ; 8 . 34 %) and oval pupil ( n= 1 ; 4 . 17 %) . P aired t test result showed no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative visual acuities ( P> 0 . 05 ) . Conclusions: A rtisan iris fixated IOL ’s are a safe and effective option in eyes with concomitant poor capsular support and vitreoretinal complications requiring PPV . T he postoperative visual acuity depends on the underlying pathological features present preoperatively.
Objective: T o evaluate postoperative outcome of cases undergoing A rtisan aphakic iris fixated intraocular lens implantation ( IOL ) in complicated vitreoretinal referrals, at O utpatient D epartment of O phthalmology, R udolf F oundation C linic, V ienna, A ustria. Methods: I t was a retrospective interventional case series involving 24 patients who have undergone pars plana vitrectomy ( PPV ) with the A rtisan iris fixated lens implantation procedure. H erein, procedures, preoperative corrected distance visual acuity ( CDVA ) , causes of referral, post-operative CDVA and clinical complications were recorded. Results: T he mean age of 24 patients ( 17 males and 7 females ) was ( 69 . 88 依 14 . 50 ) , with the range 32 - 83 years. T he mean preoperative visual acuity was ( 1 . 40 依 0 . 83 ) with the range 0 . 46 - 3 . 00 log MAR units. A fter a mean follow up period for ( 3 . 12 依 2 . 54 ) with the range 1 - 12 months, the mean CDVA at the last follow-up was ( 0 . 95 依 0 . 84 ) log MAR units with the range 0 . 097 - 3 . 000 log MAR units. C omplicated cataract surgery was the most common cause for referral with the value, 54 . 21 % among cases, n= 13 . S econdary glaucoma was the commonest postoperative complication 25 . 00 % with n= 6 . T he other complications included were transient hypotony ( n= 3 ; 12 . 51 %) , hyphaema ( n= 2 ; 8 . 34 %) , corneal oedema ( n= 1 ; 4 . 17 %) , corneal erosion ( n= 1 ; 4 . 17 %) , vitreous haemorrhage ( n= 2 ; 8 . 34 %) and oval pupil ( n= 1 ; 4 . 17 %) . P aired t test result showed no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative visual acuities ( P> 0 . 05 ) . Conclusions: A rtisan iris fixated IOL ’s are a safe and effective option in eyes with concomitant poor capsular support and vitreoretinal complications requiring PPV . T he postoperative visual acuity depends on the underlying pathological features present preoperatively.
2013(2):115-121.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60110-9
Abstract:
Objective: T o develop topical gel formulations of P soralen using natural excipients to minimize the side effects of synthetic drugs. Methods: T he P soralen gel formulations were prepared using different natural gums and polymers. T he physicochemical compatibility between P soralen and other excipients was confirmed by using F ourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A ll prepared gel formulations were evaluated for drug content uniformity, viscosity, p H , and stability. T he release of psoralen from all formulations using dialysis membrane into a phosphate buffer p H 6 . 8 at 37 °C was studied. D rug release from the formulations fitted best to the H iguchi model. F rom the drug release data the best formulation was optimized and the biological studies on albino mice were performed. Results: P soralen gel containing egg albumin and xanthan gum shows better incorporation of the drug. T he drug activity was found to be 43 . 3 % . A nti-psoriatic drug enhances the orthokeratotic cell differentiation in the epidermal scales. Conclusion: In vitro anti-psoriatic activity of F 3 showed the significant orthokeratosis in the mouse tail test when compared to control thus indicating that the formulation is effective in treating psoriasis.
Objective: T o develop topical gel formulations of P soralen using natural excipients to minimize the side effects of synthetic drugs. Methods: T he P soralen gel formulations were prepared using different natural gums and polymers. T he physicochemical compatibility between P soralen and other excipients was confirmed by using F ourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A ll prepared gel formulations were evaluated for drug content uniformity, viscosity, p H , and stability. T he release of psoralen from all formulations using dialysis membrane into a phosphate buffer p H 6 . 8 at 37 °C was studied. D rug release from the formulations fitted best to the H iguchi model. F rom the drug release data the best formulation was optimized and the biological studies on albino mice were performed. Results: P soralen gel containing egg albumin and xanthan gum shows better incorporation of the drug. T he drug activity was found to be 43 . 3 % . A nti-psoriatic drug enhances the orthokeratotic cell differentiation in the epidermal scales. Conclusion: In vitro anti-psoriatic activity of F 3 showed the significant orthokeratosis in the mouse tail test when compared to control thus indicating that the formulation is effective in treating psoriasis.
2013(2):122-126.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60111-0
Abstract:
Objective: T o find out the secondary metabolites present in the various extracts of Citrullus lanatus ( C. lanatus ) ( T hunb. ) and mineral content present in the plant material. Methods: T he powdered plant material was extracted using different solvents. P hytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprinting analysis were then carried out. Result: T he ethanolic seed extract of C. lanatus showed the presence of majority of secondary metabolites when compared to other solvent system. T he quantitative analysis of the plant material also revealed the presence of various amount of carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, proteins, fibre, phosphorus and irons. T he HPTLC fingerprinting analysis was carried for flavonid and phenolic compounds by using CAMAG LINOMAT 5 instrument which revealed the presence of flavonoid and phenolic compound especially quercetin in the ethanolic seed extract of C. lanatus. Conclusions: T he results scientifically validate the use of C. lanatus in the traditional medicine and it can be used to treat various disorders caused by free radical and chemical substances due to presence of secondary metabolites.
Objective: T o find out the secondary metabolites present in the various extracts of Citrullus lanatus ( C. lanatus ) ( T hunb. ) and mineral content present in the plant material. Methods: T he powdered plant material was extracted using different solvents. P hytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprinting analysis were then carried out. Result: T he ethanolic seed extract of C. lanatus showed the presence of majority of secondary metabolites when compared to other solvent system. T he quantitative analysis of the plant material also revealed the presence of various amount of carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, proteins, fibre, phosphorus and irons. T he HPTLC fingerprinting analysis was carried for flavonid and phenolic compounds by using CAMAG LINOMAT 5 instrument which revealed the presence of flavonoid and phenolic compound especially quercetin in the ethanolic seed extract of C. lanatus. Conclusions: T he results scientifically validate the use of C. lanatus in the traditional medicine and it can be used to treat various disorders caused by free radical and chemical substances due to presence of secondary metabolites.
2013(2):127-133.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60112-2
Abstract:
Objective: T o evaluate antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of Madhuca indica ( M. indica ) J . F . G mel leaves in rats. Methods: A queous extract of M. indica J . F . G mel leaves was tested at the dose of 100 , 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. against naproxen ( 30 mg/kg, p.o ) induced gastric ulcer. O meprazole ( 30 mg kg, p.o. ) was used as a positive standard. U lcerated area was measured by I mage J software. V arious antioxidant parameter like SOD , GSH , MDA , MPO , NO and histamine were also determined. Results: A fter 4 week treatment period, desired aim was achieved using aqueous extract of plant of M. indica at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. ( P< 0 . 01 , P< 0 . 001 ) showed significant reduction in ulcerated area and ulcer index as compared to control group. O meprazole ( 30 mg/kg, p.o. ) was more effective in reducing ulcerated area after 30 days treatment period. I n addition, SOD , GSH , NO significantly increased; MDA , MPO content significantly lowered when compared with control group. H istamine content didn’t show any significant change at all the three doses. Conclusions: O ur finding suggests that aqueous extract of M. indica J . F . G mel leaves is effective in gastric ulcer protection.
Objective: T o evaluate antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of Madhuca indica ( M. indica ) J . F . G mel leaves in rats. Methods: A queous extract of M. indica J . F . G mel leaves was tested at the dose of 100 , 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. against naproxen ( 30 mg/kg, p.o ) induced gastric ulcer. O meprazole ( 30 mg kg, p.o. ) was used as a positive standard. U lcerated area was measured by I mage J software. V arious antioxidant parameter like SOD , GSH , MDA , MPO , NO and histamine were also determined. Results: A fter 4 week treatment period, desired aim was achieved using aqueous extract of plant of M. indica at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. ( P< 0 . 01 , P< 0 . 001 ) showed significant reduction in ulcerated area and ulcer index as compared to control group. O meprazole ( 30 mg/kg, p.o. ) was more effective in reducing ulcerated area after 30 days treatment period. I n addition, SOD , GSH , NO significantly increased; MDA , MPO content significantly lowered when compared with control group. H istamine content didn’t show any significant change at all the three doses. Conclusions: O ur finding suggests that aqueous extract of M. indica J . F . G mel leaves is effective in gastric ulcer protection.
2013(2):134-136.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60113-4
Abstract:
Objective: T o develop noval bioanalytical parameters for standardization of Zingiber officinale ( Z. officinale ) extract. Methods: P hytochemical analysis, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and fingerprint analysis through HPTLC method were carried out in the present investigation. M oreover quantitative analysis of rutin and quercetin in Z. officinale extract through HPTLC techniques were also performed in the present investigation. Results: P hytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside, triterpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, amino acid and protein. T he total phenol and flavonoid content were found to be 0 . 59 % and 4 . 50 % . F or quantitative analysis through HPTLC techniques, optimization of solvent system was done and the content of quercetin and rutin in the extract was found to be 3 . 22 % ( w/w ) and 0 . 65 % ( w/w ) respectively. Conclusion: T hese above mentioned parameters can be used as an important tool for the standardization of Z. officinale extract.
Objective: T o develop noval bioanalytical parameters for standardization of Zingiber officinale ( Z. officinale ) extract. Methods: P hytochemical analysis, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and fingerprint analysis through HPTLC method were carried out in the present investigation. M oreover quantitative analysis of rutin and quercetin in Z. officinale extract through HPTLC techniques were also performed in the present investigation. Results: P hytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside, triterpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, amino acid and protein. T he total phenol and flavonoid content were found to be 0 . 59 % and 4 . 50 % . F or quantitative analysis through HPTLC techniques, optimization of solvent system was done and the content of quercetin and rutin in the extract was found to be 3 . 22 % ( w/w ) and 0 . 65 % ( w/w ) respectively. Conclusion: T hese above mentioned parameters can be used as an important tool for the standardization of Z. officinale extract.
2013(2):137-139.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60114-6
Abstract:
Objective: T o develop a novel qualitative and quantitative method, which can pave the way for rapid and selective determination of different constituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum ( T. foenum-graecum ) . Methods: P hytochemical analysis, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and quantitative analysis through HPTLC techniques were performed in the present investigation. Results: P hytochemical analysis showed to contain alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside and protein. p H of the 1 % solution was found to be 5 . 65 , loss on drying was 4 . 5 % , total ash, solubility in water and in 50 % alcohol was 7 . 11 % , 81 . 00 % and 84 . 25 % respectively. T otal flavonoid and total phenol content were found to be 1 . 8 % and 0 . 60 % ( w/w ) . L evel of different heavy metals and microorganisms were found to be under the limit. C ontent of quercetin and rutin in the T. foenum-graecum were found to be 0 . 879 % ( w/w ) and 0 . 417 % ( w/w ) respectively. Conclusion: I n the future, these phytochemical parameters could be used as an important tool for the standardization of T. foenum-graecum.
Objective: T o develop a novel qualitative and quantitative method, which can pave the way for rapid and selective determination of different constituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum ( T. foenum-graecum ) . Methods: P hytochemical analysis, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and quantitative analysis through HPTLC techniques were performed in the present investigation. Results: P hytochemical analysis showed to contain alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside and protein. p H of the 1 % solution was found to be 5 . 65 , loss on drying was 4 . 5 % , total ash, solubility in water and in 50 % alcohol was 7 . 11 % , 81 . 00 % and 84 . 25 % respectively. T otal flavonoid and total phenol content were found to be 1 . 8 % and 0 . 60 % ( w/w ) . L evel of different heavy metals and microorganisms were found to be under the limit. C ontent of quercetin and rutin in the T. foenum-graecum were found to be 0 . 879 % ( w/w ) and 0 . 417 % ( w/w ) respectively. Conclusion: I n the future, these phytochemical parameters could be used as an important tool for the standardization of T. foenum-graecum.
2013(2):140-147.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60115-8
Abstract:
Objective: T o investigate the ameliorating potentials of cocoyam ( Colocasia esculenta ( C. esculenta ) L . ) and unripe plantain ( Musa paradisiacae ( M. paradisiacae ) L . ) incorporated feeds on renal and liver growth of STZ induced rats. Method: T he blood glucose level of all the rats was measured with a glucometer, the protein and glucose levels in the urine samples of the rats were determined using urine assay strips while the specific gravity of the urine samples of all the rats was determined with a urinometer. T he assay of the proximate, phytochemical, mineral composition as well as screening for antioxidant activity of the test feeds was carried out using standard techniques. Results: T he administration of the test feeds to the diabetic rats in 58 . 75 % and 38 . 13 % decreases in their hyperglycemia with a corresponding amelioration of their elevated urinary protein, glucose, specific gravity as well as renal and kidney growths. A dministration of the cocoyam incorporated feeds to the diabetic rats of group 4 , resulted in 2 . 71 % increase in body weight with a corresponding 19 . 52 % increase in growth rate unlike the diabetic rats of group 5 , administered unripe plantain feed that had 5 . 12 % decrease in weight with a corresponding 29 . 52 % decrease in growth rate but higher than the diabetic control rats that recorded 28 . 69 % and 29 . 46 % decreases in body weights with a corresponding 248 . 9 % and 250 . 14 % decreases in growth rates. A nalysis revealed that the test feeds contained low quantities of moisture but significant quantities of crude fibre, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ash, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorous as well as considerable amount of energy. I n addition, the cocoyam incorporated feeds contained higher quantities of flavonoids, saponin, tannin, C a, M g, F e, Z n, K , P , crude fibre as well as antioxidant activity but lower quantities of alkaloids than the unripe plantain feed. Conclusion: T he use of cocoyam and unripe plantain flours in the dietary management of diabetes mellitus could be a breakthrough in the search for plants that could prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Objective: T o investigate the ameliorating potentials of cocoyam ( Colocasia esculenta ( C. esculenta ) L . ) and unripe plantain ( Musa paradisiacae ( M. paradisiacae ) L . ) incorporated feeds on renal and liver growth of STZ induced rats. Method: T he blood glucose level of all the rats was measured with a glucometer, the protein and glucose levels in the urine samples of the rats were determined using urine assay strips while the specific gravity of the urine samples of all the rats was determined with a urinometer. T he assay of the proximate, phytochemical, mineral composition as well as screening for antioxidant activity of the test feeds was carried out using standard techniques. Results: T he administration of the test feeds to the diabetic rats in 58 . 75 % and 38 . 13 % decreases in their hyperglycemia with a corresponding amelioration of their elevated urinary protein, glucose, specific gravity as well as renal and kidney growths. A dministration of the cocoyam incorporated feeds to the diabetic rats of group 4 , resulted in 2 . 71 % increase in body weight with a corresponding 19 . 52 % increase in growth rate unlike the diabetic rats of group 5 , administered unripe plantain feed that had 5 . 12 % decrease in weight with a corresponding 29 . 52 % decrease in growth rate but higher than the diabetic control rats that recorded 28 . 69 % and 29 . 46 % decreases in body weights with a corresponding 248 . 9 % and 250 . 14 % decreases in growth rates. A nalysis revealed that the test feeds contained low quantities of moisture but significant quantities of crude fibre, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ash, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorous as well as considerable amount of energy. I n addition, the cocoyam incorporated feeds contained higher quantities of flavonoids, saponin, tannin, C a, M g, F e, Z n, K , P , crude fibre as well as antioxidant activity but lower quantities of alkaloids than the unripe plantain feed. Conclusion: T he use of cocoyam and unripe plantain flours in the dietary management of diabetes mellitus could be a breakthrough in the search for plants that could prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Duraisamy Gomathi
,
Ganesan Ravikumar
,
Manokaran Kalaiselvi
,
Kanakasabapathi Devaki
,
Chandrasekar Uma
2013(2):148-150.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60116-X
Abstract:
Objectives: T o assess the effect of Evolvulus alsinoides ( E. alsinoides ) on glycoprotein levels in liver, kidney and pancreas of control and diabetes induced rats. Methods: W istar albino rats were used for the present study. T he diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 45 mg/kg body weight. A fter the induction of diabetes the rats were treated with glibenclamiede and E. alsinoides for 45 d. A t the end of the experimental period the glycoprotein levels were estimated by using standard protocols. Results: S ignificantly higher levels of glycoproteins were observed in the tissues of diabetic rats when compared with the control rats. A fter treated with ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides and standard drug resulted in the reduction of glycoproteins when compared with the diabetic control rats. Conclusion: T he present study proved that that ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides owned a beneficial effect on glycoprotein components. H ence, it can be used in the prevention of glycoprotein medicated complications in diabetes mellitus.
Objectives: T o assess the effect of Evolvulus alsinoides ( E. alsinoides ) on glycoprotein levels in liver, kidney and pancreas of control and diabetes induced rats. Methods: W istar albino rats were used for the present study. T he diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 45 mg/kg body weight. A fter the induction of diabetes the rats were treated with glibenclamiede and E. alsinoides for 45 d. A t the end of the experimental period the glycoprotein levels were estimated by using standard protocols. Results: S ignificantly higher levels of glycoproteins were observed in the tissues of diabetic rats when compared with the control rats. A fter treated with ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides and standard drug resulted in the reduction of glycoproteins when compared with the diabetic control rats. Conclusion: T he present study proved that that ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides owned a beneficial effect on glycoprotein components. H ence, it can be used in the prevention of glycoprotein medicated complications in diabetes mellitus.
Thangarajan Starlin
,
Perumal Sathiyanathan
,
Chinthamony Arul Raj
,
Paramasivam Ragavendran
,
Balasubramanian Vidya
,
Martin Sunitha
,
Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan
2013(2):151-155.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60117-1
Abstract:
Objective: T o evaluate the protective effect of Ichnocarpus frutescens ( I. frutescens ) R . B r against 4 -vinylcyclohexane induced ovarian cancer in S wiss albino mice. Method: T he ovarian cancer was induced by 4 -vinylcyclohexane which was given to 28 -day-old mice in corn oil, intra peritoneally, at 2 . 7 mmol/kg body weight/day for 30 d. A fter that serum and tissue were isolated. E nzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation assessed in liver and ovary homogenate. M etabolites, marker enzymes were analyzed in serum. T issue was examined histopathology examination. Result: T he levels of urea, creatinine, marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in ovarian cancer induced mice when compared to control group whereas, levels of uric acid, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were decreased in cancer induced mice when compared with control mice. F rom these parameters were brought back to near normal in ethanolic extract of I. frutescens treated animals. T he above results were further confirmed by histopathological examination which shows marked edema of lamina propria occurred in cancer induced animals whereas no alterations in ethanolic extract of I. frutescens and cisplatin treated groups. Conclusion: T his present study was evaluated that the ethanolic extracts of I. frutescens have effective anticancer activity against 4 -vinylcyclohexane induced ovarian cancer.
Objective: T o evaluate the protective effect of Ichnocarpus frutescens ( I. frutescens ) R . B r against 4 -vinylcyclohexane induced ovarian cancer in S wiss albino mice. Method: T he ovarian cancer was induced by 4 -vinylcyclohexane which was given to 28 -day-old mice in corn oil, intra peritoneally, at 2 . 7 mmol/kg body weight/day for 30 d. A fter that serum and tissue were isolated. E nzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation assessed in liver and ovary homogenate. M etabolites, marker enzymes were analyzed in serum. T issue was examined histopathology examination. Result: T he levels of urea, creatinine, marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in ovarian cancer induced mice when compared to control group whereas, levels of uric acid, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were decreased in cancer induced mice when compared with control mice. F rom these parameters were brought back to near normal in ethanolic extract of I. frutescens treated animals. T he above results were further confirmed by histopathological examination which shows marked edema of lamina propria occurred in cancer induced animals whereas no alterations in ethanolic extract of I. frutescens and cisplatin treated groups. Conclusion: T his present study was evaluated that the ethanolic extracts of I. frutescens have effective anticancer activity against 4 -vinylcyclohexane induced ovarian cancer.
2013(2):156-158.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60118-3
Abstract:
Object: T o evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of leaves extracts of Jatropha gossypifolia ( J. gossypifolia ) L . Methods: T he plant J. gossypifolia L . ( E urphorbiaceae ) is known as belly ache bush. T he plant originated from B razil and it is now cultivated in tropical countries throughout the world. T he roots, stems, leaves, seeds and fruits of the plant have been widely used in traditional folk medicine in many parts of W est A frica. T he young stem of the plant is used as tooth brush as well as to clean tongue in the treatment thrush. T he tuber of the plant grinded into a paste is also locally used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. T he present study aimed to evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves by in vitro HRBC membrane stabilization method. Results: T he in vitro method showed significant anti inflammatory property of different extracts tested. Conclusion: T he aqueous extract at a concentration of 200 毺 g/m L showed significant activity when compared with the standard drug D iclofenac sodium.
Object: T o evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of leaves extracts of Jatropha gossypifolia ( J. gossypifolia ) L . Methods: T he plant J. gossypifolia L . ( E urphorbiaceae ) is known as belly ache bush. T he plant originated from B razil and it is now cultivated in tropical countries throughout the world. T he roots, stems, leaves, seeds and fruits of the plant have been widely used in traditional folk medicine in many parts of W est A frica. T he young stem of the plant is used as tooth brush as well as to clean tongue in the treatment thrush. T he tuber of the plant grinded into a paste is also locally used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. T he present study aimed to evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves by in vitro HRBC membrane stabilization method. Results: T he in vitro method showed significant anti inflammatory property of different extracts tested. Conclusion: T he aqueous extract at a concentration of 200 毺 g/m L showed significant activity when compared with the standard drug D iclofenac sodium.
Muhammed Ak?l
,
Avni Kaya
,
M.Sel?uk Bekta?
,
Fesih Aktar
,
Sinan Akbayram
,
Salim Bilici
,
Mehmet Beyazal
2013(2):159-160.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60119-5
Abstract:
A 8 -year-old boy admitted with abdominal pain, fever and vomiting for the previous 10 days. S ensitivity was detected in the epigastric area. T here was not defense and rebond. A spartate aminotransferase was 106 U / L , alanine aminotransferase 25 U / L , alkaline phosphatase 311 U / L , blood amylase level 748 U / L , blood lipase level 391 U / L . I n thoracic CT , soft tissue with smooth contours measuring 32 mm 伊 28 mm was identified in the posterior mediastinum. B one marrow aspiration biopsy was normal. A mass specimen obtained from the duodenum endoscopic biopsy. T his specimen was diffuse staining by leukocyte common antigen, CD 10 and CD 20 . T he patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis associated with stage 3 duodenal B urkitt's lymphoma. M odified LMB - 98 was initiated. B urkitt's lymphoma may rarely cause acute pancreatitis.
A 8 -year-old boy admitted with abdominal pain, fever and vomiting for the previous 10 days. S ensitivity was detected in the epigastric area. T here was not defense and rebond. A spartate aminotransferase was 106 U / L , alanine aminotransferase 25 U / L , alkaline phosphatase 311 U / L , blood amylase level 748 U / L , blood lipase level 391 U / L . I n thoracic CT , soft tissue with smooth contours measuring 32 mm 伊 28 mm was identified in the posterior mediastinum. B one marrow aspiration biopsy was normal. A mass specimen obtained from the duodenum endoscopic biopsy. T his specimen was diffuse staining by leukocyte common antigen, CD 10 and CD 20 . T he patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis associated with stage 3 duodenal B urkitt's lymphoma. M odified LMB - 98 was initiated. B urkitt's lymphoma may rarely cause acute pancreatitis.
2013(2):161-163.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60120-1
Abstract:
S erious systemic diseases such as C rimean C ongo H emorrhagic F ever, L yme D isease, tularemia, typhus and Q fever can be transmitted by ticks. A n 8 -year-old boy and a 34 -year-old woman were brought to our clinic with ear pains. N o symptoms such as fever, headache or lethargy to suggest CCHF were present. T he patients both lived in rural areas and were engaged in farming. F ull blood count, liver and kidney function tests and serum electrolytes were within normal limits at laboratory tests. P rothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and INR were normal. T he tick was grasped with alligator forceps and removed from the outer ear in one piece with the help of 0 -degree rigid otoendoscopy.
S erious systemic diseases such as C rimean C ongo H emorrhagic F ever, L yme D isease, tularemia, typhus and Q fever can be transmitted by ticks. A n 8 -year-old boy and a 34 -year-old woman were brought to our clinic with ear pains. N o symptoms such as fever, headache or lethargy to suggest CCHF were present. T he patients both lived in rural areas and were engaged in farming. F ull blood count, liver and kidney function tests and serum electrolytes were within normal limits at laboratory tests. P rothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and INR were normal. T he tick was grasped with alligator forceps and removed from the outer ear in one piece with the help of 0 -degree rigid otoendoscopy.
2013(2):164-166.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60121-3
Abstract:
C omplaints of fatigue and physical exhaustion are frequently seen in the acute medical setting, especially amongst athletes, army recruits and persons involved in strenuous and exertional physical activities. S tress-induced exhaustion, on the other hand, is less often seen, but can present with very similar symptoms to physical exhaustion. R ecently, three patients were seen at the D epartment of E mergency M edicine, presenting with exhaustion from prolonged involvement in gambling activities. T he cases serve to highlight some of the physical consequences of prolonged gambling.
C omplaints of fatigue and physical exhaustion are frequently seen in the acute medical setting, especially amongst athletes, army recruits and persons involved in strenuous and exertional physical activities. S tress-induced exhaustion, on the other hand, is less often seen, but can present with very similar symptoms to physical exhaustion. R ecently, three patients were seen at the D epartment of E mergency M edicine, presenting with exhaustion from prolonged involvement in gambling activities. T he cases serve to highlight some of the physical consequences of prolonged gambling.
2013(2):167-168.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60122-5
Abstract:
N ervous system is the most affected area in mycoplasma pneumonia infections with exception of respiratory system. I t is an important agent of childhood acute encephalitis and respiratory system infections in school-age children and young adults. R outine clinical and laboratory findings to identify spesific diagnosis is limited. T welve-year-old female patient was admitted with fever, fatigue, sore throat, slipping the right eye, withdrawal of the mouth from the right and right hemiclonic seizures. T est of anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae ) I g M was positive and I g G antibodies were found to be 4 -fold increase in the sera of follow-up. T his article was presented with the aim of remembering M. pneumoniae to be an differential diagnosis in children with acute encephalitis.
N ervous system is the most affected area in mycoplasma pneumonia infections with exception of respiratory system. I t is an important agent of childhood acute encephalitis and respiratory system infections in school-age children and young adults. R outine clinical and laboratory findings to identify spesific diagnosis is limited. T welve-year-old female patient was admitted with fever, fatigue, sore throat, slipping the right eye, withdrawal of the mouth from the right and right hemiclonic seizures. T est of anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae ) I g M was positive and I g G antibodies were found to be 4 -fold increase in the sera of follow-up. T his article was presented with the aim of remembering M. pneumoniae to be an differential diagnosis in children with acute encephalitis.
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