Journal of Acute Disease
Issue 3,2013 Table of Contents
2013(3).
Abstract:
2013(3).
Abstract:
2013(3):169-178.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60123-7
Abstract:
H erbal medicines have been used for the treatment of various disorders in the world since a very early age due to easily available and less side effect. A large number of phytochemicals have been derived directly or indirectly from natural sources in the form of oils, food supplement, neutraceuticals, and colour pigments. A nthocyanins are classes of phytoconstituents mainly responsible for the different colors of plants material. L iterature report revealed the presence of different anthocyanidins such as cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, malvidin, cyaniding etc. T hese anthocyanidins showed a wide range of pharmacological activities. A nthocyanins have an attractive profile in the food industry as natural colorants due to its possible health benefits and safety issues compared to the synthetic dye. D elphinidin is an important anthocyanidins mainly present in the epidermal tissues of flowers and fruits. D elphinidin showed various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimutagenesis, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic etc. T his review was aimed to elaborate the medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of anthocyanidins ‘ delphinidin’. T his review will be benificial to the scientist, manufacturer and consumers in order to explore the potential health benefits of delphinidin.
H erbal medicines have been used for the treatment of various disorders in the world since a very early age due to easily available and less side effect. A large number of phytochemicals have been derived directly or indirectly from natural sources in the form of oils, food supplement, neutraceuticals, and colour pigments. A nthocyanins are classes of phytoconstituents mainly responsible for the different colors of plants material. L iterature report revealed the presence of different anthocyanidins such as cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, malvidin, cyaniding etc. T hese anthocyanidins showed a wide range of pharmacological activities. A nthocyanins have an attractive profile in the food industry as natural colorants due to its possible health benefits and safety issues compared to the synthetic dye. D elphinidin is an important anthocyanidins mainly present in the epidermal tissues of flowers and fruits. D elphinidin showed various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimutagenesis, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic etc. T his review was aimed to elaborate the medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of anthocyanidins ‘ delphinidin’. T his review will be benificial to the scientist, manufacturer and consumers in order to explore the potential health benefits of delphinidin.
2013(3):179-188.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60124-9
Abstract:
A phrodisiac is the word derived from A phrodite, the G reek goddess of sexual, love and beauty. A n aphrodisiac is defined as an agent ( food or drug ) that arouses sexual desire. C urrent sexual dysfunction therapy lack satisfactory success due to adverse effect, hence patients are seeking complementary and alternative medicine to treat sexual dysfunction. A yurveda and other I ndian literature mention the use of plants in various human ailments. I ndia has about more than 45 000 plant species and among them several thousand are claimed to possess medicinal properties. R esearchers conducted in the last few decades on the plants mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for sexual dysfunction. T his review reveals that some plants and their extract have aphrodisiac activity, which are helpful for researcher to develop new herbal aphrodisiac formulations. I n the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased.
A phrodisiac is the word derived from A phrodite, the G reek goddess of sexual, love and beauty. A n aphrodisiac is defined as an agent ( food or drug ) that arouses sexual desire. C urrent sexual dysfunction therapy lack satisfactory success due to adverse effect, hence patients are seeking complementary and alternative medicine to treat sexual dysfunction. A yurveda and other I ndian literature mention the use of plants in various human ailments. I ndia has about more than 45 000 plant species and among them several thousand are claimed to possess medicinal properties. R esearchers conducted in the last few decades on the plants mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for sexual dysfunction. T his review reveals that some plants and their extract have aphrodisiac activity, which are helpful for researcher to develop new herbal aphrodisiac formulations. I n the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased.
2013(3):189-195.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60125-0
Abstract:
N ovel drug delivery system aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment, and target the active entity to the site of action. A number of novel drug delivery systems have emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery, magnetic micro carriers being one of them. M agnetic microsphere is newer approach in pharmaceutical field. M agnetic microspheres as an alternative to traditional radiation methods which use highly penetrating radiation that is absorbed throughout the body. I ts use is limited by toxicity and side effects. T he aim of the specific targeting is to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery & at the same time to reduce the toxicity & side effects. T his kind of delivery system is very much important which localises the drug to the disease site. I n this larger amount of freely circulating drug can be replaced by smaller amount of magnetically targeted drug. M agnetic carriers receive magnetic responses to a magnetic field from incorporated materials that are used for magnetic microspheres are chitosan, dextran etc. magnetic microspheres can be prepared from a variety of carrier material. O ne of the most utilized is serum albumin from human or other appropriate species. D rug release from albumin microspheres can be sustained or controlled by various stabilization procedures generally involving heat or chemical cross-linking of the protein carrier matrix.
N ovel drug delivery system aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment, and target the active entity to the site of action. A number of novel drug delivery systems have emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery, magnetic micro carriers being one of them. M agnetic microsphere is newer approach in pharmaceutical field. M agnetic microspheres as an alternative to traditional radiation methods which use highly penetrating radiation that is absorbed throughout the body. I ts use is limited by toxicity and side effects. T he aim of the specific targeting is to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery & at the same time to reduce the toxicity & side effects. T his kind of delivery system is very much important which localises the drug to the disease site. I n this larger amount of freely circulating drug can be replaced by smaller amount of magnetically targeted drug. M agnetic carriers receive magnetic responses to a magnetic field from incorporated materials that are used for magnetic microspheres are chitosan, dextran etc. magnetic microspheres can be prepared from a variety of carrier material. O ne of the most utilized is serum albumin from human or other appropriate species. D rug release from albumin microspheres can be sustained or controlled by various stabilization procedures generally involving heat or chemical cross-linking of the protein carrier matrix.
2013(3):196-200.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60126-2
Abstract:
A im of the present study is evaluated various medicinal plants used for antidiabetic activity. D iabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. I t is the fourth leading causes of death in the most developed countries and there in substantial evendiced that it in epidemic in many developing and newly industrialized nations. T his posing a serious threat to be met within 21 st century. S ince ancient time plants have been exemplary source of medicine. A yurveda and other I ndian literature mentioned the used of plants in treatment of various ailments. O ut of an estimated 250 000 higher plants, less than 1 % have been screened pharmacologically and very few in regard to diabetes mellitus. S ystematic studies on the folklore medicinal plants that combat diabetes mellitus are scanty.
A im of the present study is evaluated various medicinal plants used for antidiabetic activity. D iabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. I t is the fourth leading causes of death in the most developed countries and there in substantial evendiced that it in epidemic in many developing and newly industrialized nations. T his posing a serious threat to be met within 21 st century. S ince ancient time plants have been exemplary source of medicine. A yurveda and other I ndian literature mentioned the used of plants in treatment of various ailments. O ut of an estimated 250 000 higher plants, less than 1 % have been screened pharmacologically and very few in regard to diabetes mellitus. S ystematic studies on the folklore medicinal plants that combat diabetes mellitus are scanty.
2013(3):201-206.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60127-4
Abstract:
Objective: T o investigate the effects of standardized dichloromethane ( DCM ) extract of Cosinium fenestratum ( C. fenestratum ) stem bark on liver and kidney function parameters in streptozotocin ( STZ ) -induced diabetic rats. Methods: S tandardization of the extract was performed through high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) using berberine ( BE ) as marker compound. T he standardized C . fenestratum stem bark extract ( SCFE ) was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/ kg to STZ -induced diabetic rats for 15 d. Results: T he quantity of BE in the extract was 2 . 09 % w/ w. B lood glucose levels, blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) and creatinine were significantly ( P< 0 . 05 ) elevated in STZ -induced diabetic rats as compared to normal control groups. T reatment of diabetic rats with the extract significantly ( P< 0 . 05 ) reduced, ALP , creatinine, and BUN levels as compared to the diabetic control group. T he total white blood cells ( WBC ) count was reduced in diabetic rats. T reatment of diabetic rats with SCFE significantly ( P< 0 . 05 ) increased the total WBC count as compared to the values of diabetic control rats. Conclusion: T he observations of the present study show that extract of C. fenestratum stem bark has hepato- renal protective effect in STZ -induced diabetic rats.
Objective: T o investigate the effects of standardized dichloromethane ( DCM ) extract of Cosinium fenestratum ( C. fenestratum ) stem bark on liver and kidney function parameters in streptozotocin ( STZ ) -induced diabetic rats. Methods: S tandardization of the extract was performed through high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) using berberine ( BE ) as marker compound. T he standardized C . fenestratum stem bark extract ( SCFE ) was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/ kg to STZ -induced diabetic rats for 15 d. Results: T he quantity of BE in the extract was 2 . 09 % w/ w. B lood glucose levels, blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) and creatinine were significantly ( P< 0 . 05 ) elevated in STZ -induced diabetic rats as compared to normal control groups. T reatment of diabetic rats with the extract significantly ( P< 0 . 05 ) reduced, ALP , creatinine, and BUN levels as compared to the diabetic control group. T he total white blood cells ( WBC ) count was reduced in diabetic rats. T reatment of diabetic rats with SCFE significantly ( P< 0 . 05 ) increased the total WBC count as compared to the values of diabetic control rats. Conclusion: T he observations of the present study show that extract of C. fenestratum stem bark has hepato- renal protective effect in STZ -induced diabetic rats.
2013(3):207-213.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60128-6
Abstract:
Objective: T o develop a novel S tandardization technique, which can pave the way for rapid determination of different phytoconstitutents of Ficus racemosa ( F. racemosa ) L inn. ( M oraceae ) . F rom extensive literature survey it was revealed that no reports were available on, standardization parameters of fruits of F. racemosa L inn. Methods: P hytochemical test, TLC analysis, F oreign matter, A sh values, S welling index, F oaming index, E xtractive value, M oisture content, M icrobiological analysis, C rude fibre content, amino acid content, aflatoxin, toxic element analysis and analysis of pesticide residue were performed in the present investigation for the quality control of the drug. Results: T hus it was thought worthwhile to explore this plant on the basis of it’s standardization parameters. A lkaloids, steroid, flavanoids and tannins were found to be present in F. racemosa L inn. extracts. A sh value, insoluble ash value, soluble ash value, crude fibre content, crude fat, S welling index and F oaming index were found to be 3 . 96 % w/w, 9 . 29 % w/ w, 7 . 45 % w/w, 16 . 65 % , ( 4 . 39 依 0 . 14 ) , 1 cm, 10 . 30 % w/w. T he study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug. Conclusions: T hese physicochemical data and phytochemical analysis of different extracts of F. racemosa L inn. is useful for further studies for pharmacological screening. I n future this study will be helpful for qualitative & quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents for isolation of newer molecule from F. racemosa L inn.
Objective: T o develop a novel S tandardization technique, which can pave the way for rapid determination of different phytoconstitutents of Ficus racemosa ( F. racemosa ) L inn. ( M oraceae ) . F rom extensive literature survey it was revealed that no reports were available on, standardization parameters of fruits of F. racemosa L inn. Methods: P hytochemical test, TLC analysis, F oreign matter, A sh values, S welling index, F oaming index, E xtractive value, M oisture content, M icrobiological analysis, C rude fibre content, amino acid content, aflatoxin, toxic element analysis and analysis of pesticide residue were performed in the present investigation for the quality control of the drug. Results: T hus it was thought worthwhile to explore this plant on the basis of it’s standardization parameters. A lkaloids, steroid, flavanoids and tannins were found to be present in F. racemosa L inn. extracts. A sh value, insoluble ash value, soluble ash value, crude fibre content, crude fat, S welling index and F oaming index were found to be 3 . 96 % w/w, 9 . 29 % w/ w, 7 . 45 % w/w, 16 . 65 % , ( 4 . 39 依 0 . 14 ) , 1 cm, 10 . 30 % w/w. T he study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug. Conclusions: T hese physicochemical data and phytochemical analysis of different extracts of F. racemosa L inn. is useful for further studies for pharmacological screening. I n future this study will be helpful for qualitative & quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents for isolation of newer molecule from F. racemosa L inn.
2013(3):214-217.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60129-8
Abstract:
Objective: T o study people suffered from urinary stone problem by calcium oxalate monohydrate ( COM ) and calcium oxalate dihydrate ( COD ) containing stones. Method: I n the present study, CO crystals were grown by mixing and stirring two equal volumes of solutions A and B . T wo solutions of following composition were mixed: A : N a 2 C 2 O 4 ( 2 mmol ) and B : C a C l 2 . 2 H 2 O ( 10 mmol ) . T he crystals after incubation in tris buffer were then subjected to the aqueous extract of the polyherbal formulation and cystone was taken as standard. Result: A fter the treatment with the extract the crystals were microscopically examined and elemental analysis for calcium was carried out. T he formulation proved out to be very effective against the CO crystals. Conclusions: T he results have come out to be very motivating and further pharmacological study could be carried out on the samples to reveal an effective drug for the urolithiasis. D ata reveals that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative or a complementary therapy in the management of urolithiasis.
Objective: T o study people suffered from urinary stone problem by calcium oxalate monohydrate ( COM ) and calcium oxalate dihydrate ( COD ) containing stones. Method: I n the present study, CO crystals were grown by mixing and stirring two equal volumes of solutions A and B . T wo solutions of following composition were mixed: A : N a 2 C 2 O 4 ( 2 mmol ) and B : C a C l 2 . 2 H 2 O ( 10 mmol ) . T he crystals after incubation in tris buffer were then subjected to the aqueous extract of the polyherbal formulation and cystone was taken as standard. Result: A fter the treatment with the extract the crystals were microscopically examined and elemental analysis for calcium was carried out. T he formulation proved out to be very effective against the CO crystals. Conclusions: T he results have come out to be very motivating and further pharmacological study could be carried out on the samples to reveal an effective drug for the urolithiasis. D ata reveals that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative or a complementary therapy in the management of urolithiasis.
2013(3):218-221.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60130-4
Abstract:
Objective: T o develop a novel standardization technique, which can pave the way for rapid determination of different phytoconstitutents of Ficus arnottiana ( F. arnottiana ) . M iq. ( M oraceae ) . F rom extensive literature survey it was revealed that no reports were available on, standardization parameters of F. arnottiana M iq. Methods: P hytochemical test, TLC analysis, foreign matter, A sh values, swelling index, foaming index, fluorescence analysis, determination of p H , extractive value, moisture content, microbiological analysis and crude fibre content were performed in the present investigation for the quality control of the drug. Results: T hus it was thought worthwhile to explore this endangered plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. A lkaloids, saponins, steroid, flavanoids and tannins were found to be present in F. arnottiana M iq. extracts. A sh value, acid insoluble ash value, water insoluble ash value, p H determination, S welling index, foaming index and loss on drying were found to be 2 . 44 % w/w, 0 . 32 % w/w, 1 . 93 % w/w, 8 . 29 , ( 3 . 50 依 0 . 23 ) , 1 cm, 11 . 6 % w/w. T he study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug. Conclusion: T hese physicochemical data and phytochemical analysis of different extracts of F. arnottiana M iq is useful for further studies for pharmacological screening. I n future this study will be helpful for qualitative & quantitative analysis of phytoconstitutes for isolation of newer molecule from F. arnottiana M iq.
Objective: T o develop a novel standardization technique, which can pave the way for rapid determination of different phytoconstitutents of Ficus arnottiana ( F. arnottiana ) . M iq. ( M oraceae ) . F rom extensive literature survey it was revealed that no reports were available on, standardization parameters of F. arnottiana M iq. Methods: P hytochemical test, TLC analysis, foreign matter, A sh values, swelling index, foaming index, fluorescence analysis, determination of p H , extractive value, moisture content, microbiological analysis and crude fibre content were performed in the present investigation for the quality control of the drug. Results: T hus it was thought worthwhile to explore this endangered plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. A lkaloids, saponins, steroid, flavanoids and tannins were found to be present in F. arnottiana M iq. extracts. A sh value, acid insoluble ash value, water insoluble ash value, p H determination, S welling index, foaming index and loss on drying were found to be 2 . 44 % w/w, 0 . 32 % w/w, 1 . 93 % w/w, 8 . 29 , ( 3 . 50 依 0 . 23 ) , 1 cm, 11 . 6 % w/w. T he study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug. Conclusion: T hese physicochemical data and phytochemical analysis of different extracts of F. arnottiana M iq is useful for further studies for pharmacological screening. I n future this study will be helpful for qualitative & quantitative analysis of phytoconstitutes for isolation of newer molecule from F. arnottiana M iq.
2013(3):222-225.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60131-6
Abstract:
Objective: T o evaluate antimicrobial activities of aqueous, methanol, chloroform and hexane extract of leaves plant of Gymnema sylvestre ( G. sylvestre ) . Methods: T he antimicrobial screening of the extracts of G. sylvestre against most prevalent microbes like Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) , Bacillus cereus ( B. cereus ) , Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) , Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) , Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) , Candida tropicalis ( C. tropicalis ) , Candida krusei ( C. krusei ) and Candida kefyr ( C. kefyr ) by agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration were carried out. Results: T he aqueous and methanol leaf extract showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against the selected microorganisms when compared to the standard drugs respectively. Conclusions: T he dried scale leaves of G. sylvestre might represent a new antimicrobial source with stable, biologically active components that can establish a scientific base for the use in modern medicine.
Objective: T o evaluate antimicrobial activities of aqueous, methanol, chloroform and hexane extract of leaves plant of Gymnema sylvestre ( G. sylvestre ) . Methods: T he antimicrobial screening of the extracts of G. sylvestre against most prevalent microbes like Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) , Bacillus cereus ( B. cereus ) , Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) , Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) , Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) , Candida tropicalis ( C. tropicalis ) , Candida krusei ( C. krusei ) and Candida kefyr ( C. kefyr ) by agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration were carried out. Results: T he aqueous and methanol leaf extract showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against the selected microorganisms when compared to the standard drugs respectively. Conclusions: T he dried scale leaves of G. sylvestre might represent a new antimicrobial source with stable, biologically active components that can establish a scientific base for the use in modern medicine.
2013(3):226-231.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60132-8
Abstract:
Objective: T o study magnetic microspheres of mesalamine ( 5 -aminosalicylic acid ) for colon drug delivery. Methods: M agnetic microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique for use in the application of magnetic carrier technology. A n attempt was made to target mesalamine ( 5 -aminosalicylic acid ) to its site of action i.e. to colon. E udragit S - 100 , ethylcellulose and chitosan were used in three different drug: polymer ratios i.e. 1 : 1 , 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 . T he microspheres were characterized in terms of particle size, percentage yield, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release pattern and ex vivo study. T he microspheres were uniform in size and shape. T he in vitro release profile was studied in p H 7 . 4 phosphate buffer medium using USP dissolution apparatus. Results: C hitosan microspheres were found to be better retained in terms of percentage release of the drug. T hus chitosan microspheres could be better retained at their target site. Conclustion: F low characteristics are also better in case of chitosan magnetic microspheres. T hus reticuloendothelial clearance can be minimized and site specificity can be increased
Objective: T o study magnetic microspheres of mesalamine ( 5 -aminosalicylic acid ) for colon drug delivery. Methods: M agnetic microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique for use in the application of magnetic carrier technology. A n attempt was made to target mesalamine ( 5 -aminosalicylic acid ) to its site of action i.e. to colon. E udragit S - 100 , ethylcellulose and chitosan were used in three different drug: polymer ratios i.e. 1 : 1 , 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 . T he microspheres were characterized in terms of particle size, percentage yield, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release pattern and ex vivo study. T he microspheres were uniform in size and shape. T he in vitro release profile was studied in p H 7 . 4 phosphate buffer medium using USP dissolution apparatus. Results: C hitosan microspheres were found to be better retained in terms of percentage release of the drug. T hus chitosan microspheres could be better retained at their target site. Conclustion: F low characteristics are also better in case of chitosan magnetic microspheres. T hus reticuloendothelial clearance can be minimized and site specificity can be increased
13 Study of hepatic histomorphology in HBeAg+ and HBeAg- patients with CHB: Experience from Bangladesh
Ayub Al Mamun
,
Mamun-Al-Mahtab
,
S. M. Fazle Akbar
,
Kutub Uddin Mollick
,
Arun Jyoti Tarafdar
,
Faiz Ahmad Khondokar
,
Ahmed Lutful Mubin
,
Md. Helal Uddin
,
Salimur Rahman
2013(3):232-235.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60133-X
Abstract:
Objective: T o compare K nodell and HAI scores in patients with wild type and pre-core/core promoter mutant CHB to see if there is any difference in severity of liver injury between these two types of HBV . Methods: W e did percutaneous liver biopsies of 155 CHB patients. O f them 102 ( 65 . 8 %) were infected wild type HBV and the rest 53 ( 34 . 2 %) were infected with pre-core/ core promoter mutant CHB . Results: 11 / 53 ( 20 . 8 %) patients with pre-core/core promoter mutant CHB had moderate to severe CH ( HAI score 8 - 18 ) . I n contrast, moderate to severe CH was seen in 19 / 102 ( 18 . 6 %) patients with wild type CHB . F ibrosis score was > 2 in 15 / 53 ( 28 . 3 %) pre-core/core promoter mutant CHB as opposed to 20 / 102 ( 19 . 6 %) patients with wild type CHB . Conclusions: T he study shows that pre-core/core promoter mutant HBV produces more severe histological liver disease compared to wild type HBV
Objective: T o compare K nodell and HAI scores in patients with wild type and pre-core/core promoter mutant CHB to see if there is any difference in severity of liver injury between these two types of HBV . Methods: W e did percutaneous liver biopsies of 155 CHB patients. O f them 102 ( 65 . 8 %) were infected wild type HBV and the rest 53 ( 34 . 2 %) were infected with pre-core/ core promoter mutant CHB . Results: 11 / 53 ( 20 . 8 %) patients with pre-core/core promoter mutant CHB had moderate to severe CH ( HAI score 8 - 18 ) . I n contrast, moderate to severe CH was seen in 19 / 102 ( 18 . 6 %) patients with wild type CHB . F ibrosis score was > 2 in 15 / 53 ( 28 . 3 %) pre-core/core promoter mutant CHB as opposed to 20 / 102 ( 19 . 6 %) patients with wild type CHB . Conclusions: T he study shows that pre-core/core promoter mutant HBV produces more severe histological liver disease compared to wild type HBV
2013(3):236-239.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60134-1
Abstract:
Objective: T o investigate the features towards diagnosis and treatment status of acute myocardial infarction patients in B inhai community. A nd to offer some helps towards community hospitals in treatment with AMI patients. Methods: O ne hundred and twenty one AMI patients were randomly divided into treatment groups ( n= 72 ) and control groups ( n= 49 ) . T wo groups comparative difference was not statistically significant in age, K illip classification, hypertension, diabetes, hyperglycemia, stroke, and drug used after entering the hospital ( P all> 0 . 05 ) . T he treatment group received the drugs within 4 h, C ontrol group received the drugs after 4 h. Results: T he post infarction angina rate is low in treatment group ( 4 . 17 %) when compared with control group ( 18 . 37 %) after entering the hospital. A nd the death rate is also low in treatment group ( 1 . 39 %) when compared with control group ( 10 . 20 %) after entering the hospital. T he utilization rates of drugs by recommendation like nitrates, 毬 -receptor blockers, aspirin, clopidogrel, low molecular weight heparin were excellent when compared with situations two decades ago. T raditional C hinese medicine intervention is more popular than before. Conclusions: L ow post infarction angina rate and low death rate have the positive correlation with drugs by recommendation and traditional C hinese medicine intervention. AMI patients under emergency thrombolytic therapy can improve the treatment effect, improve the prognosis of patients effectively and accelerate the rehabilitation. hs-c T n detecting techniques will classify the patients rapidly and bring a brilliant future to them.
Objective: T o investigate the features towards diagnosis and treatment status of acute myocardial infarction patients in B inhai community. A nd to offer some helps towards community hospitals in treatment with AMI patients. Methods: O ne hundred and twenty one AMI patients were randomly divided into treatment groups ( n= 72 ) and control groups ( n= 49 ) . T wo groups comparative difference was not statistically significant in age, K illip classification, hypertension, diabetes, hyperglycemia, stroke, and drug used after entering the hospital ( P all> 0 . 05 ) . T he treatment group received the drugs within 4 h, C ontrol group received the drugs after 4 h. Results: T he post infarction angina rate is low in treatment group ( 4 . 17 %) when compared with control group ( 18 . 37 %) after entering the hospital. A nd the death rate is also low in treatment group ( 1 . 39 %) when compared with control group ( 10 . 20 %) after entering the hospital. T he utilization rates of drugs by recommendation like nitrates, 毬 -receptor blockers, aspirin, clopidogrel, low molecular weight heparin were excellent when compared with situations two decades ago. T raditional C hinese medicine intervention is more popular than before. Conclusions: L ow post infarction angina rate and low death rate have the positive correlation with drugs by recommendation and traditional C hinese medicine intervention. AMI patients under emergency thrombolytic therapy can improve the treatment effect, improve the prognosis of patients effectively and accelerate the rehabilitation. hs-c T n detecting techniques will classify the patients rapidly and bring a brilliant future to them.
2013(3):240-242.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60135-3
Abstract:
C entral nervous system ( CNS ) infections are a rare complication of epidural steroid injections and without strong clinical suspicion, fungal organisms may be overlooked among the long differential of causes of meningitis. R are sequela of fungal meningitis is the development of stroke. T o our knowledge, we present the first case of post epidural steroid injection ( ESI ) fungal meningitis leading to a basilar artery stroke, otherwise known as “top of the basilar” syndrome. W e present a 49 -year-old female with a history of ESI s who presented to the emergency department with headache, neck stiffness, and abdominal pain. S he was discharged after her labs and symptoms were deemed inconsistent with meningitis. S he was eventually admitted and twelve days after her original ED visit, she was diagnosed with meningitis and started on anti-fungal treatment. S he was discharged 88 days later but was readmitted due to left sided weakness and mental status changes. S he quickly lost motor and bulbar functions. A n MRA showed diminished distal flow through the basilar artery, suggesting near complete occlusion. A lthough appropriate long term anti-fungal treatment was started, the patient still succumbed to a rare vascular event. P hysicians who are treating patients for ESI meningitis should be aware of the potential for vasculitic and encephalitic complications.
C entral nervous system ( CNS ) infections are a rare complication of epidural steroid injections and without strong clinical suspicion, fungal organisms may be overlooked among the long differential of causes of meningitis. R are sequela of fungal meningitis is the development of stroke. T o our knowledge, we present the first case of post epidural steroid injection ( ESI ) fungal meningitis leading to a basilar artery stroke, otherwise known as “top of the basilar” syndrome. W e present a 49 -year-old female with a history of ESI s who presented to the emergency department with headache, neck stiffness, and abdominal pain. S he was discharged after her labs and symptoms were deemed inconsistent with meningitis. S he was eventually admitted and twelve days after her original ED visit, she was diagnosed with meningitis and started on anti-fungal treatment. S he was discharged 88 days later but was readmitted due to left sided weakness and mental status changes. S he quickly lost motor and bulbar functions. A n MRA showed diminished distal flow through the basilar artery, suggesting near complete occlusion. A lthough appropriate long term anti-fungal treatment was started, the patient still succumbed to a rare vascular event. P hysicians who are treating patients for ESI meningitis should be aware of the potential for vasculitic and encephalitic complications.
2013(3):243-245.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60136-5
Abstract:
W omen of childbearing age with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy may present with abdominal pain in the acute care setting. A negative urine pregnancy test is often used to exclude such a diagnosis but studies have shown that it is not 100 % sensitive. W e describe a case of a patient with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy who had a negative urine pregnancy test.
W omen of childbearing age with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy may present with abdominal pain in the acute care setting. A negative urine pregnancy test is often used to exclude such a diagnosis but studies have shown that it is not 100 % sensitive. W e describe a case of a patient with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy who had a negative urine pregnancy test.
Somnath Mondal
,
Saibal Das
,
Sanjib Bandyopadhyay
,
Ankur Datta
,
Souvik Sardar
,
Pradip Kumar Ghosal
,
Santanu Kumar Tripathi
2013(3):246-249.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60137-7
Abstract:
T his case report highlights atenolol induced episodes of chronic and acute hepatotoxicities in 2 elderly hypertensive patients. T he 1 st patient manifested liver dysfunction after 8 months of 50 mg daily atenolol therapy and in the 2 nd patient liver dysfunction was revealed within 3 weeks of 100 mg daily atenolol intake. T here was no evidence of any other possible hereditary, traumatic, surgical, metabolic, infective, organic, or pathologic causes giving rise to these conditions. P ossibilities of drug interactions were carefully ruled out and these episodes of hepatotoxicities were ‘ probably’ drug ( atenolol ) induced, as depicted by CIOMS / RUCAM scale. W ithdrawal of the offending drug resulted in reversal of the diseased states. R outine liver function tests may be warranted in patients on atenolol therapy.
T his case report highlights atenolol induced episodes of chronic and acute hepatotoxicities in 2 elderly hypertensive patients. T he 1 st patient manifested liver dysfunction after 8 months of 50 mg daily atenolol therapy and in the 2 nd patient liver dysfunction was revealed within 3 weeks of 100 mg daily atenolol intake. T here was no evidence of any other possible hereditary, traumatic, surgical, metabolic, infective, organic, or pathologic causes giving rise to these conditions. P ossibilities of drug interactions were carefully ruled out and these episodes of hepatotoxicities were ‘ probably’ drug ( atenolol ) induced, as depicted by CIOMS / RUCAM scale. W ithdrawal of the offending drug resulted in reversal of the diseased states. R outine liver function tests may be warranted in patients on atenolol therapy.
Sinan Akbayram
,
Fesih Aktar
,
Cihangir Akgün
,
Mehmet Sel?uk Bekta?
,
Hüseyin ?aksen
,
Ahmet Faik Oner
2013(3):250-251.
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60138-9
Abstract:
I mmune thrombocytopenic purpura is an acute, generally considered a self-limiting benign disorder with a 60 % - 80 % change of spontaneous recovery occurring usually within a few months after onset. I ntracranial hemorrhage is a rare but life-threatening complication of childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura. W e report a 4 -year-old girl who admitted with headache, vomiting, bleeding from noise and bruises on the extremities. H er neurological examination was normal. B ased on laboratory finding she was diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura and intracranial hemorrhage. W e suggest that cranial imaging should be perform in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura admitted with bleeding symptoms, vomiting and headache even if they had no abnormal neurological signs.
I mmune thrombocytopenic purpura is an acute, generally considered a self-limiting benign disorder with a 60 % - 80 % change of spontaneous recovery occurring usually within a few months after onset. I ntracranial hemorrhage is a rare but life-threatening complication of childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura. W e report a 4 -year-old girl who admitted with headache, vomiting, bleeding from noise and bruises on the extremities. H er neurological examination was normal. B ased on laboratory finding she was diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura and intracranial hemorrhage. W e suggest that cranial imaging should be perform in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura admitted with bleeding symptoms, vomiting and headache even if they had no abnormal neurological signs.
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