结核病（Tuberculosis，TB）是由结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis，MTB）引起的慢性、严重致死性传染病，也是当下仅次于新冠病毒肺炎的第二大单一传染源致死原因。伴随着抗生素滥用和抗结核药物的不规范使用，多耐药（multidrug⁃resistant，MDR）、泛耐药（extensively drug⁃resistant，XDR）和全耐药（totally drug⁃resistant，TDR）结核病的出现已成为全世界范围内结核病疫情消灭的障碍。据世界卫生组织统计，我国仍是全球结核病高负担国家之一，也是MDR结核病流行严重的国家之一。传统药物已无法满足现阶段结核病的控制，抗结核药物新靶点的发现和新型抗结核药物的研发已迫在眉睫。本文对传统和目前新研发的抗结核药物的作用机制进行了阐述，着重介绍了已知耐药机制的新进展，以期为开发新的抗结核药物提供新思路，降低结核病对社会的危害。

Tuberculosis （TB） is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB）. It is the second largest single cause of death besides novel coronavirus pneumonia. Along with the abuse of antibiotics and extensive use of anti⁃tuberculosis drugs， multidrug⁃resistant （MDR） TB， extensive drug⁃resistant （XDR） TB and totally drug⁃resistant （TDR） TB became obstacles to the tuberculosis eradication worldwide. According to the World Health Organization statistics， China is not only a high burden tuberculosis country in the world， but also a country with a serious epidemic of MDR. Traditional drugs fail to meet the needs of tuberculosis control. Therefore， it is urgent to find new targets of anti⁃tuberculosis drugs and develop new anti⁃tuberculosis drugs. Hence， this paper systematically summarizes the mechanism of traditional and newly developed anti⁃tuberculosis drugs， in which the research progress of drug resistance mechanisms are mainly focused. This work provides us with new insights of new anti⁃tuberculosis drug developments， and may contribute to a reduction in the harm that tuberculosis brings to society.

R378.911

山西省基础研究计划（202103021223339；20210302124435），山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目（2022?175）；山西大同大学青年科研基金（2019Q2；2019Q4）；山西大同大学博士科研启动金（2018?B?13；2018?B?28）